Every individual passes through multiple stages of life. Fowler’s life-span developmental theory of religious development revolves around the search for the meaning of life. Individuals are motivated to discover this meaning anywhere, either within organized religion or not. It is closely related to Erikson’s, Piaget’s, and Kohlberg’s theories.

The first stage of Fowler’s theory is the intuitive-projective faith stage, which occurs in early childhood. At this period, children have a limited understanding of religion. It is only after they are able to trust their caregiver that they are able to differentiate good and evil; however, they are unable to differentiate between real and fantasy.

The second stage is called the mythical-literal faith stage, which occurs during middle and late childhood. In this stage, a child’s understanding of religion is concrete and more logical but not yet abstract. They see the idea of God as a parental figure who rewards good behavior and punishes bad behavior. For them, religion is very orderly and they interpret biblical stories literally.

The third stage is called the synthetic-conventional faith, occurring during late childhood and early adolescents. Individuals in this stage begin to combine religious ideas into a coherent belief system. While they begin to think abstractly, they will continue to conform to the religious beliefs of others. They have yet to explore alternative religious beliefs. Instead of being controlled by fear of punishment, these individuals are controlled by the harm that might be caused in a relationship.

The fourth stage is the individuative-reflective faith stage, and it occurs between adolescence and adulthood. Individuals in this stage begin to question things. Their religious choice becomes their responsibility and they may question their beliefs. Formal operational thoughts and intellectual challenges during this period fosters change.

The fifth stage is the conjunctive faith stage, and it occurs in middle adulthood. During this stage, adults may be open to other religious views. Individuals in this stage are more tolerant of other beliefs and more willing to accept differences within their own belief systems. Rarely do adults move into this stage.

The sixth stage is known as the universalizing faith stage, and occurs in middle or late adulthood. In this stage, individuals promote acceptance and are very tolerant of others beliefs. Any conflicts of interest are eliminated as acceptance and tolerance are more important than individual differences. Oneness with the universe is more important than any single belief system, including ones own beliefs.