Playing cards has long been an inexpensive form of entertainment for family gatherings. Many varieties of card games lend themselves to all age ranges and seems to cross all ethnic boundaries. In the festival of Diwali, playing cards is not only fun, it has a religious significance based on the traditions and legends of the holiday. One legend states that the Goddess Parvati played dice with her husband Lord Shiva and she decreed that whoever gambled on Diwali night would prosper in the coming year. (Apparently she either won or just enjoyed the activity so much she wanted to ensure its continuance.) An addition to the legend also declares if a person does not gamble during Diwali, s/he will come back as a donkey in the next life!)

There are other additions to the legend that also include the two sons of Parvati and Shiva playing dice, making it a family affair. Even the gods liked to play games for entertainment. Tradition states that Parvati and Shiva had a good marriage often playing together. The scene of their playing can be seen in a sculpture at Kailash Temple.

Many believe the tradition of playing dice and gambling on Diwali may have started as part of a harvest festival. In this setting the farmers would have money in their pockets from the sale of the produce. Since the harvest was over and the new planting season/year yet to begin, there would be time to celebrate and spend time with family and friends. In ancient times dice games were always popular and it seems inevitable they should be included as part of the Diwali celebration. In addition, the festival is much about money, prosperity and hospitality, all things which can be symbolized by playing dice or cards.

These days cards have replaced the original games of dice. The most popular games are Flush (teen pati) and rummy. For the most part, Diwali celebrants play cards with family and friends as entertainment in a lighthearted manner. If they gamble, stakes are kept very low and children and teenagers are allowed to participate. There is much laughter, eating and friendly banter.

The Goddess Lakshmi is worshipped during Diwali. She is the Goddess of money, wealth and prosperity. At some point tradition has her also declaring she will bless those who play and gamble on Diwali night. Often the card playing with gambling will begin after the Diwali Lakshmi Puja and last through the night.

Opinions are divided regarding the tradition of gambling during Diwali. Many argue against it as an inappropriate activity in a religious celebration. Others believe it is a part of the general merriment of the holiday and a good way to promote togetherness of family and friends. Still others say the gambling makes one aware of lady luck’s fickleness and the temporary nature of material wealth. As with many good things which can be abused, the key is balance and moderation. Since Diwali is celebrated as the sun passes through Libra (which is represented as balance) playing cards seems an auspicious way and time to practice balance.

Above all else, Diwali is in the heart of each believer who had the choice of the best way to express its meaning. With enlightenment comes wisdom and balance in all matters, including that of playing cards, shopping, using fireworks and all the other rich traditions of the holiday.